【聚焦】中欧声明前夕，南欧最大智库刊发中国学者文章，呼吁双方扫除偏见（附中英文）
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编者按：4月9日中欧领导人会晤发表联合声明，重申中欧全面战略伙伴关系的活力。此前一天，南欧最大智库意大利国际政治研究所(ISPI)官网和季刊上刊发中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长王文撰写的论文，标题是《务实合作：中欧的最佳选择》，主张中欧之间扫除偏见、切实拓展务实合作，携手应对共同挑战。 该文的中文编辑版发表在4月10日《环球时报》。中英文原文如下：
扫除偏见、务实合作，是中欧当务之急
当前，中国与欧洲都面临相似的全球共同挑战：保护主义、民粹主义、分裂主义、恐怖主义、单边主义。全球稳定与国际秩序正在遭受着自二战以来的最大威胁。能否在不稳定中维持本国利益，持续世界和平，中国与欧洲都应该发挥不可或缺的国际角色。
在共同全球威胁下，中欧双方都有着共同利益和诉求。
和平诉求。冷战结束以来，欧洲参与了不少战争，有的是必须的，如反恐战争、第一次伊拉克战争；有的则没有必要，如利比亚战争、叙利亚冲突。欧洲到底能否从每一场战争获益，是一个有争议的话题。但长期看，尤其在21世纪，没有任何一场战争会使欧洲真正受益。近年来，冲击欧洲的难民危机、价值观分裂已是证明。如何创造更长远的和平，无论是欧洲内部，还是在国际体系内，这对欧洲而言非常重要。中国同样面临着战争的诱惑，南中国海分歧，中印边境摩擦，许多国际舆论都在猜测，一场有限度的对外战争是中国崛起进程中必不可少的选项。现在看来，中国正在运用传统智慧回避武力的诱惑。
增长诉求。2008年国际金融危机以来，欧洲陷入到低增长的陷阱，有的国家还出现了严重的债务危机。如何保持经济增长，创造更多的就业，欧洲需要更好的经济改革与结构调整。中国自2012年以来主动调整经济增长速度，从此前十年的平均11%增长下降到最近六年的7%，希望推动结构转型与产业升级，以防治生态、防范风险与全面减贫为目的，追求高质量发展。如何保持可持续增长，中国也面临着压力。
创新诉求。全球技术革命方兴未艾，人工智能、纳米技术、生物科技、能源革命等，正在深刻改变人类社会，为各国人民的日常生活带来史无前例的便利，也给全球与各国社会治理带来新挑战。中国与欧洲都在追赶科技浪潮，避免在技术革命中遭淘汰、被落后，都投入更多技术研发力量，都应该有更多制度与管理的创新。
从这些角度看，中欧之间存在巨大的合作空间。
中欧双方互为天然合作伙伴。这不仅仅在于我们彼此间享有巨大的共同利益、共同目标，也由于中欧之间不存在战略性或结构性的全球矛盾。这一特征有效地将中欧交往过程中的摩擦、冲突降至最低。而高共同利益、无战略矛盾的特质也为中欧进一步超越意识形态的藩篱，拓宽、拓深务实合作奠定了坚实的基础。
毫不夸张地说，如果欧洲能够打破意识形态的条条框框，正视中国发展的成就与中欧经贸合作的效益，承认中国的市场经济国家地位；同时，中国也加大对欧洲的投资以及从欧洲的产品、服务进口，那么，中欧之间的经济与战略联系就必然在现有基础上迈上新台阶。
欧洲是“一带一路”建设的重要合作伙伴。六年来，中欧的“一带一路”建设合作已经在政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通等层面取得了丰硕的成果，而未来的合作空间更为广大。
自“一带一路”倡议提出以来，欧洲总体上都持较为正面、欢迎的态度。譬如，在亚投行的创始成员国中，有18个欧洲国家。其中，英国是第一个加入亚投行的西方国家。2017年在北京召开的首届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛，吸引了全球29位国家元首和政府首脑。意大利总理真蒂洛尼、西班牙首相拉霍伊、瑞士联邦主席洛伊特哈德、希腊总理齐普拉斯、波兰总理希德沃等都来自欧洲国家。
当然，在欧洲内部，不同国家由于其社会经济发展水平和国家发展方向的不同而对“一带一路”的欢迎程度存在差异。譬如，中东欧国家的经济发展水平在欧洲内部相对较弱，因而他们对于参与“一带一路”建设最为积极，希望能吸引中国投资，尤其是从亚投行等机构获得政策性贷款支持，同时扩大对华贸易出口。
此外，南欧、西南欧国家对开拓中国市场信心满满。他们在绿色食品等领域极富竞争力，希望能进一步打开中国市场，出口更多橄榄油、奶制品、红酒等绿色农产品；同时也利用本国得天独厚的自然风光、人文风情开拓中国旅游市场，吸引更多中国游客到南欧、西南欧旅行、消费。
相较而言，经济更为发达的西欧国家对“一带一路”似乎有所保留。他们对“一带一路”框架下的务实政策工具很有兴趣，譬如英国等国就明确表示，希望利用亚投行来补充其基础设施建设资金不足的问题。但或许是出于意识形态的考虑，他们对中国在提出“一带一路”时所倡导的“人类命运共同体”、开放、包容等理念，持有一定戒心，甚至担心“一带一路”会成为中国对欧“输出”价值观的工具和威胁。
事实上，这些担忧大可不必。持有此类看法的德国、英国、法国等西欧强国，恰恰在高端制造业领域极具优势，如汽车制造、航空航天、核电等，而这些产品正是处于消费升级阶段的中国市场所需求的。他们的技术也是正处于产业升级阶段的中国企业所急需的。
可见，无论是为了满足十四亿人民对美好生活的向往，还是在技术交流与共同研发等诸多领域，中国和西欧发达国家同样具有相互吸引的特质和共同发展的潜能。只要能够打破意识形态的瓶颈，不要被一些冷战时期所遗留下来的陈词滥调所隔膜、迷惑，中国和所有的欧洲国家都能在不同领域、不同产业找到符合双方人民根本利益的契合点、合作点。
在这点上，加大中欧之间的人文交流显得非常重要。欧洲一些舆论对中国政治制度、对孔子学院的批判，或出于误解，或者是偏见，应该有更多平衡的观点；而中国也应该引进更多欧洲的电影、小说与其他文化作品。
综上所述，中国是真心实意地希望欧洲强大、发展、和平。中国人从不认为欧洲是一个威胁；恰恰相反，欧洲越富饶、稳定、团结，就越符合中国的利益。
中国从中央政府到民间智库，都旗帜鲜明地反对“唱衰”欧洲。面对国际上一些媒体不负责任地报道，譬如故意夸大欧洲当下所面临的暂时困难，或在没有任何事实依据的前提下“预言”欧盟的种种“末日”，中国政府和企业从不为其所迷惑、摆布。相反，他们用自己的眼光和视角独立自主、充满善意地观察欧洲，对这个伟大的文明和她智慧勇敢的人民充满信心。
因此，希望欧洲也能用同样眼光和智慧观察中国，了解中国，携起手来，一同打破少数国际媒体所蓄意渲染的“妖魔化的中国”与“孱弱的欧洲”这类镜像。当欧亚大陆两端两个同样伟大且历史悠久的文明携起手来，试看明日环球，将是更好世界。
Wang Wen: Pragmatic Cooperation, China and Europe's Best Choice
By Wang Wen Source: ISPI Published: 2019-4-8
At present, China and Europe are facing similar global challenges: protectionism, populism, separatism, terrorism, and unilateralism. Global stability and the international order are suffering from the greatest threats since World War II. If we can maintain our national interests despite instability and continue world peace, China and Europe could play an indispensable international role.
Under the common global threat, both China and Europe have common interests and demands.
PEACE DEMAND
Since the end of the Cold War, Europe has participated in many wars, some of which were necessary, such as the war on terrorism and the first war in Iraq in 1991; some are unnecessary, such as the Libyan war and the Syrian conflict. Whether Europe can benefit from every war is a controversial topic. But in the long run, especially in the 21st century, no war will really benefit Europe. In recent years, the refugee crisis and the splitting of values that have impacted on Europe have proved that. How to create a longer-lasting peace, both within Europe and within the international system is very important for Europe. China is also facing the temptation of war, the divergence of the South China Sea, the Sino-Indian border friction, and many international public opinions are speculating that a limited foreign war is an indispensable option in the process of China's rise. It now appears that China was using traditional wisdom to evade the temptation of force.
GROWTH DEMAND
Since the international financial crisis in 2008, Europe has fallen into the trap of low growth, and some countries have also experienced a serious debt crisis. In order to spur economic growth and create more employment, Europe needs better economic reforms and structural adjustments. China has actively adjusted its economic growth rate since 2012, from the average 11% growth in the previous decade to 7% in the past six years. It hopes to promote structural transformation and industrial upgrading, with the aim of preventing and controlling global warming, preventing risks and comprehensively reducing poverty, to pursue high quality development. China is also under pressure to maintain sustainable growth.
INNOVATION DEMAND
The global technological revolution is in the ascendant, including artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, biotechnology, the energy revolution, etc. They are profoundly changing human society, bringing unprecedented convenience to the daily lives of people of all countries, and bringing new challenges to global and national social governance. Both China and Europe are catching the wave of science and technology, avoiding being eliminated in the technological revolution and being left behind. They are both investing more in research and development. There should be more institutional and management innovation.
From these perspectives, there is a huge space for cooperation between China and Europe.
China and Europe are each other's natural partners. This is not only because we have common interests and common goals, but also because there is no global strategic or structural contradiction between China and Europe. This feature effectively minimizes friction and conflict in the process of Sino-European interactions. The characteristics of great common interests and no strategic contradictions have also laid a solid foundation for China and Europe to further transcend the barriers of ideology and broaden and deepen pragmatic cooperation.
It is no exaggeration to say that if Europe can break the ideological framework, face up to China's development achievements and the benefits of China-EU economic and trade cooperation, it should recognize China's market economy status; at the same time, China will also increase investments in Europe and its imports of products and services from Europe. Then the economic and strategic link between China and Europe will inevitably take a new step on the existing basis.
Europe is an important partner in the construction of the BRI. In the past six years, the BRI cooperation between China and the EU has achieved fruitful results in terms of policy communication, facility connectivity, trade smoothness, capital finance, and people's minds.
The future space for cooperation is even more extensive. Since the BRI was proposed, Europe has generally maintained a more positive and welcoming attitude. For example, among the founding members of the AIIB, there are 18 European countries. Among them, the United Kingdom is the first Western country to join the AIIB. The first BRI international cooperation summit held in Beijing in 2017 attracted 29 heads of state and government. Italian Prime Minister Paolo Gentiloni, Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, Swiss Federal President Doris Leuthard, Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, Polish Prime Minister Beata Szydlo and others were all from European countries.
Of course, within Europe, different countries have different levels of welcome for the BRI because of their different levels of social and economic development and the direction of national development. For example, the economic development level of Central and Eastern European countries is relatively weak within Europe. Therefore, they are the most active in participating in the BRI, hoping to attract Chinese investment, and especially to obtain policy loan support from the AIIB and other institutions, and expand exports to China at the same time.
In addition, countries in southern Europe and southwestern Europe are full of confidence about opening up the Chinese market. They are highly competitive in the fields of green food, and hope to further open up the Chinese market and export more green agricultural products such as olive oil, dairy products and wine, etc. At the same time, they will also use their countries’ unique natural scenery and cultural traditions to leverage the Chinese tourism market and attract more Chinese tourists to southern Europe and southwestern Europe.
In comparison, Western European countries with more developed economies seem to have reservations about the “Belt and Road”. They are very interested in pragmatic policy tools under the “Belt and Road” framework. For example, the United Kingdom and other countries have made it clear that they hope to use the AIIB to supplement a lack of funds for infrastructure construction. However, perhaps because of ideological considerations, they are somewhat cautious about the concept of "human destiny community", the openness and tolerance advocated by China in proposing the "Belt and Road". They even fear that the "Belt and Road" will become Chinese tools and threats to "export" values to Europe.
In fact, these concerns are not necessary. The strongholds of Western Europe, such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, which hold such views, are precisely in the high-end manufacturing sector, such as automobile manufacturing, aerospace, nuclear power, etc., and these products are on the Chinese market, which is in the stage of consumption upgrading. Their technology is also in urgent need of Chinese companies that are in the process of industrial upgrading.
It can be seen that whether it is to meet the longing for a better life of 1.4 billion people, or in many fields such as technical exchange and joint research and development, China and developed Western European countries both have the characteristics of mutual attraction and common development. As long as we can break the bottleneck of ideology, and don’t hang on to the clichés left over from the Cold War, China and all European countries can find a point of convergence and cooperation in different fields and industries to meet the fundamental interests of both peoples.
At this point, it is very important to increase cultural exchanges between China and Europe. Some European public opinions have criticized the Chinese political system and Confucius Institutes, albeit this may be from misunderstandings or prejudice, which should have more balanced views; China should also introduce more European films, novels and other cultural works.
In summary, China sincerely hopes that Europe will be strong, gain development and be peaceful. Chinese never thinks that Europe is a threat; on the contrary, the more prosperous, stable and united Europe is, the more it is in China's interests.
From the central government to think tanks, China has clearly opposed "bad-mouthing" Europe. In the face of irresponsible reporting by some media in the world, such as deliberately exaggerating the temporary difficulties facing Europe, or “predicting” the “end of the EU” without any factual basis, the Chinese government and enterprises are never confused and at their mercy. Instead, they use their own vision and perspective to observe Europe independently and in good faith, and have confidence in this great civilization and its intelligent and brave people.
Therefore, I hope that Europe can observe and understand China with the same vision and wisdom, and join hands to break the clichés of "demonized China" and "weak Europe"deliberately rendered by a few international media. When two equally great and long-lived civilizations at both ends of Eurasia join hands, it will be a better world tomorrow.
The author is Executive Dean of Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at Renmin University of China. The article was issued by the Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI), a top-level European think tank specialized in international affairs.
英文原文链接请参见：
https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/eu-china-relations-challenges-and-opportunities-22790
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中国人民大学重阳金融研究院（人大重阳）成立于2013年1月19日，是重阳投资董事长裘国根先生向母校捐赠并设立教育基金运营的主要资助项目。
作为中国特色新型智库，人大重阳聘请了全球数十位前政要、银行家、知名学者为高级研究员，旨在关注现实、建言国家、服务人民。目前，人大重阳下设7个部门、运营管理3个中心(生态金融研究中心、全球治理研究中心、中美人文交流研究中心)。近年来，人大重阳在金融发展、全球治理、大国关系、宏观政策等研究领域在国内外均具有较高认可度。